Organic, heirloom, hybrid, stabilized, open pollinated.... There are a lot of confusing words floating around when it comes to seeds. So we thought we could write a post about some of the similarities and differences between some of these words.
種を買おうと探してみると、オーガニック、エアルーム、ハイブリッド、固定種、在在来種など、多くのややこしい言葉に混乱します。これらの種の違いや意味を少し分かりやすく解説してみようと思います。
- Open Pollinated Seeds(*自然受粉種、在来種、固定種): This means that the seeds of the plant can be saved to grow the same plant again. Of course if there are other varieties growing nearby, the seeds may become hybrids. However, with care you can save the seeds from them every year and never have to pay money for those seeds again. Most open pollinated vegetables ripen over a longer harvest season than commercial hybrids. This makes them very useful to the home gardener. Rather than having all your beans (for example) in the same week, you can harvest it over a longer time.
:同じ品種の植物、又はその種と言う意味。勿論、まわりに他の種類の植物を植えている場合には、それらから受粉してハイブリッド(交配)種となる場合もあります。とは言え、大切に育てた種を自分でとり、毎年同じ種を買わずに済ますことが出来るのです。これらの種の殆どは、商業生産された交配種よりも長い収穫期間を持っており、(一斉に実がなりにくい)これは、家庭菜園にはとても有用で、例えば、ある週に全てのマメを収穫するのでは無く、少しづつより長期間に渡って収穫が出来るということです。
*日本とアメリカで、種の区別について同様の規定が存在しているわけでは無いため、一単語に対して複数の語句が該当する場合があります。
- Hybrid Seed(ハイブリッド、F1、一代交配種): Many seeds from the big seed companies are hybrid. Hybrid plants tend to be more disease resistant, higher yielding, and more vigorous growers than open pollinated. Most of the plants will flower, fruit, and ripen at the same time. However, if you save seeds from hybrid plants, you don't know what kind of plant the seeds will grow into. They may revert back to one of the parent plants, or much less likely, the same as the hybrid. So you will have to buy the seeds new every year.
- Stabilized Hybrid Seeds(F1からの固定種、スーパーF1種): These are seeds that were originally hybrid seeds, but have been selected for generations to become open pollinated. You can save the seeds from these plants and grow the variety every year.
- Organic seeds(オーガニック、無農薬、自然種): Most people know what we mean when we say "Organic" when talking about vegetables and seeds. The most basic meaning is that no pesticides or chemical fertilizers were used when growing the plant. Organic seeds can be either open pollinated or hybrid, since it only refers to how they are grown.
- Heirloom seeds(エアルーム、家宝種): These are open pollinated seeds that have been grown for generations. Some people define true heirloom seed varities to be over 100 years old. Other people say varieties that were developed before 1951 are heirlooms. Local heirloom seeds are valuable since they are adapted to your region. They are generally resistant to local plant disease and insect, bear well, and carry on a tradition of self-reliance.
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